Power Regulator and Wire connector PCB for NEMA23 Stepper Motor and 80KG 10A Servo with Arduino

This circuit is designed as a robust power and control interface for a stepper motor and servo system using an Arduino Nano. It integrates a high-current buck converter (XL4016) to provide a stable 7.4V rail for servos and a linear 5V supply for logic and peripherals. The design supports a NEMA23 stepper motor, rotary encoder feedback, and display via an OLED module. With overcurrent protection, filtering, and clearly defined power paths, this system is suitable for robotics, CNC controls, and automated actuator systems.

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This schematic integrates multiple power regulation, control, and feedback systems to drive a NEMA23 stepper motor and a standard servo, with an Arduino Nano as the central microcontroller. It is organized into distinct functional blocks:

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1. Power Input Section

• Component: DC005-T20 (DC Barrel Jack), S10A diode

• Function:
  Accepts a wide range of DC input voltage (9–35V). The diode provides reverse polarity protection to safeguard the entire circuit from incorrect power connections. The VCC Rail distributes power to the converters.

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2. 7.4V High-Current Output (Main Power Supply)

• Module: XL4016 DC-DC Buck Converter (U9)

• Components: L2, C28–C32, C41, D7, R13, R15

• Function:
  Steps down the 9–35V input to a regulated 7.4V output capable of supplying up to 10A.

  • Inductor (L2) and capacitors provide power smoothing.

  • Zener diode (D7) and resistor dividers (R13, R15) set output voltage and protect the circuit.

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3. 5V Logic Regulator (Secondary Power Supply)

• Module: LM2596S-5.0 (U11)

• Components: L4, C38–C40, D8, D9

• Function:
  Converts the same VCC rail to 5V logic voltage for Arduino, OLED, and encoder.
  Includes filtering capacitors and a 33μH inductor for noise reduction.

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4. Arduino Nano Controller

• Component: Standard Arduino Nano footprint

• Function:
  Acts as the central brain for logic processing and motion control. Connected to stepper motor driver inputs, encoder signals, and I2C OLED display.

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5. Stepper Motor Driver Interface

• Component: TB6600-IN

• Wiring: A+, A−, B+, B−; step/direction pins from Arduino

• Function:
  Drives a NEMA23 stepper motor with up to 4A/channel capability.
  TB6600 receives step/dir signals (A0, A1, D12) from Arduino and powers the motor using a 7.4V supply.

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6. Rotary Encoder Interface

• Component: HP H25A-SS-2500-IBE30GP

• Support circuitry: R5, R6, R10, R11 (10k pull-ups); C11, C12 (100nF decoupling); D2–D4 (ESD/TVS protection)

• Function:
  Detects rotary position and speed for closed-loop stepper operation.
  The signal lines are protected and cleaned for stable input to the Arduino.

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7. Servo Motor Output

• Connector block labeled “SERVO”

• Power: Direct from the 7.4V rail

• Signal: From Arduino (not shown here, assumed PWM capable pin)

• Function:
  Allows control of standard hobby servos up to high currents, separated from logic power for safety.

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8. OLED Display

• Component: PZ254V-11-04P 4-pin connector

• Connected Pins: VCC (5V), GND, SCL (A5), SDA (A4)

• Function:
  Interface an I2C OLED display to the Arduino Nano for live data or UI menus (e.g., process monitoring, position, or user interaction).

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System Overview

The design ensures isolation between power domains (high current vs logic) while supporting modularity, user interface, and precise motor control. Capacitors across both supplies suppress noise, and each sub-circuit is thoughtfully organized for ease of layout and debugging.

 

Sample Arduino Code [download]

 

Sample Project Blog link

 

SKU: SSC-A23-PLANTMATE

Version: XL4016_SMD_14.2

Made for: DIY automation, CNC, robotics, and precision motion projects.